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Protection against fraud

Recognising and preventing email spoofing

In email spoofing, fraudsters forge the sender of an email. The email looks like it comes from you, your bank or a supplier. It’s easier to do than many people think – and for your own domain, it can be prevented well.

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Key points at a glance

  • Without protection, an email’s sender can be forged as easily as the sender on an envelope.
  • SPF, DKIM and DMARC with p=reject make sure forgeries of your domain are rejected.
  • Against similar domains and forged display names, only a careful look at the sender address helps.

What is email spoofing?

The email protocol dates from a time when everyone knew everyone. So it doesn’t check by itself whether a sender is genuine. Whoever sends an email can enter any address as the sender. Only the SPF, DKIM and DMARC records in your domain’s DNS make a check possible.

The most common forms

  • Forged domain: the email carries exactly your address, for example info@example.com. DMARC with p=reject stops this.
  • Forged display name: it shows “Your boss”, but a different address is behind it. DMARC doesn’t help here.
  • Similar domain: an almost identical address with swapped letters or a different ending. DMARC doesn’t help here either.

How to recognise forged senders

Check the whole sender address, not just the name. Be careful if the reply address differs from the sender, if you’re pressured, or if new account details are given. In the email’s headers, the “Authentication-Results” line shows whether SPF, DKIM and DMARC passed or failed (fail).

Check the sender in three steps
  1. Look at the addressRead the full sender address, not just the name.
  2. Compare the reply addressIf it differs from the sender, be careful.
  3. If in doubt, callCall back on the number you know, never the one in the email.

When in doubt, ask

Call the sender on a number you already know. Don’t reply directly to the suspicious email.

How to stop your domain being forged

Three DNS records work together: SPF names the servers allowed to send for your domain. DKIM digitally signs every email. DMARC sets out what recipients should do with emails that fail both. Only with p=reject are forgeries rejected; before that, you collect reports with p=none, so no genuine email gets lost.

Protect domains without email too

Domains that send no email are especially popular targets for forgery. A DMARC record with p=reject and an SPF record with no allowed servers protect them too.

Frequently asked questions

Is email spoofing a criminal offence?

Anyone who defrauds people or obtains data using forged senders is committing an offence. If you suffer damage, file a report with the police.

Can I see if someone is forging my domain?

Yes, through the DMARC reports. The large mail providers report in them which servers sent email with your domain – including forged ones.

Is an SPF record enough?

No. SPF only checks the invisible sender address, not the sender shown in the mailbox. Only DMARC links the two and sets out what happens with forgeries.

How DomainRadar helps

DomainRadar checks SPF, DKIM and DMARC for your domains, evaluates the DMARC reports, and shows who sends email in your name. If a new, forged sender turns up, you get an alert – and you can see when the switch to p=reject is safe.

The domain check stays free. Afterwards you test DomainRadar with all features for 14 days – no credit card, the trial ends on its own.

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